Middle: Nissl-stained motor cortex of a human adult. Left: Nissl-stained visual cortex of a human adult. Three drawings by Santiago Ramón y Cajal, taken from "Comparative study of the sensory areas of the human cortex", pages 314, 361, and 363. Have you ever seen a neuron? Did you know that the basic structure of a neuron is similar whether it is from the brain of a rat or a human? How do the billions of neurons in our brain allow us to do all the fun things we enjoy, such as texting a friend, cheering on our favorite sports team, or laughing? Figure 1. Much like words, brain cells, called neurons, have an underlying structure that provides the foundation for their functional purpose. ![]() In a similar fashion, to appreciate how groups of cells work together in a meaningful way in the brain as a whole, we must first understand how individual cells in the brain function. Imagine trying to string words together into a meaningful sentence without knowing the meaning of each word or its function (i.e., Is it a verb, a noun, or an adjective?). ![]() Explain features of axonal and synaptic communication in neurons.Define resting membrane potential, excitatory postsynaptic potentials, inhibitory postsynaptic potentials, and action potentials.Describe how the forces of diffusion and electrostatic pressure work collectively to facilitate electrochemical communication.Differentiate the functional roles between the two main cell classes in the brain, neurons and glia.
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